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Distribution of the adjunct IPI
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Adjunct Imperativus-pro-Infinitivos (IPIs) are chiefly found in the scope of a modal verb, as has been shown elsewhere (the relation of the adjunct IPI to second conjuncts, replacing adjunct IPIs with second conjuncts and consecutivity). Adjunct IPIs are occasionally found in syntactic contexts in which they are not licensed by a modal verb, but by a different element. This element is similar in meaning to modal verbs. Examples include the conditional complementiser, verb-first subjunctives, the modal adverb grif surely and the raising verb plichtsje be used to.

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Adjunct IPIs occasionally occur in other syntactic contexts than those provided by modal verbs. They may be found in the scope of the modal adverb grif doubtlessly:

1
?De plysje komt grif by him en helje him op
the police comes doubtlessly at him and get him up
The police will doubtlessly visit him and collect him

Although there is no modal verb, the sentence has a modal interpretation. The adjunct IPI is also found in the scope of a a discourse particle in a conditional clause, as in (2):

2
As de plysje ris by him kaam en konfrontearje him mei syn misdieden
if the police DcP at him came and confront him with his crimes
If the police visited him and confronted him with his crimes

The IPI cannot be directly selected by the conditional complementiser, since as selects finite clauses (BI stands for Bare Infinitive):

3
*As kom de plysje ris by him
if come.BI the police DcP at him
If the police visit him

The adjunct IPI is also found in the scope of a a discourse particle in a clause with subjunctive semantics, as shown in the example below.

4
Kaam de plysje mar ris by him en konfrontearje him mei syn misdieden
came the police DcP DcP at him and confront him with his crimes
I wish the police would visit him and confront him with his crimes

The adjunct IPI is also found in the scope of the raising verb plichtsje be used to:

5
Ús pake plichte freeds nei Ljouwert ta te reizgjen en sjoch dêr op 'e merke
our granddad was.used.to Fridays to Ljouwert to to travel and see there on the market
Granddad was used to travel to Ljouwert on Fridays and visit the market
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