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PN
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Adpositions are one of the lexical categories that may figure in nominal compounds. All PN compounds are endocentric. They have their stress on the first constituent. An example is BYwurd adverb, formed from the preposition by along (with) and the noun wurd word.

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Nominal compounds with a noun as head and a preposition as modifier are not uncommon in Frisian. They are all endocentric, and have stress on the left-hand, i.e. prepositional, constituent. An example is BYwurd adverb. Other examples of PN compounds are listed below:

Table 1
First constituent (P) Second constituent (N) Compound (PN)
by along (with) wurd word bywurd adverb
op up reed rit opreed drive
foar before stap step foarstap first step
efter behind keamer room efterkeamer backroom
ûnder under liif body ûnderliif lower part of the body
boppe above kant side boppekant top
tsjin against argumint argument tsjinargumint counter-argument
om around krite circle omkrite environment
nei after petear conversation neipetear conversation afterwards

Note that in some special cases Frisian prefers another option compared to Dutch. Where Dutch sticks to an AdvN compound, Frisian then chooses for a solution that the preposition transposes to an adjective, thereby taking the superlative suffix -ste. So, Dutch bovenlip upper lip is Frisian boppeste lippe above-SUPL lip. More information on this issue can be found in the topic on the suffix -ste.

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Literature

This topic is based on Hoekstra (1998:47-48).

References
  • Hoekstra, Jarich1998Fryske wurdfoarmingLjouwertFryske Akademy
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