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    Extraction
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    It is not possible to extract out of a V2, regardless of whether the extraction involves a referential element or a quantifier. Extraction becomes possible, however, in case the V2 is turned into a V1.

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    Question formation cannot target a V2, as shown below:

    1
    a. Hy sei, hy hie de keamersdoar juster ferve
    he said he had the room.door yesterday painted
    He said that he had painted the door of the room yesterday
    b. *Wat sei er hy hie - juster ferve?
    what said he he had yesterday painted
    What did he say that he had painted yesterday?

    Similarly, topicalisation of a referential Noun Phrase (NP) cannot target a CV2, as shown below:

    2
    *De keamersdoar sei er dat hy hie - juster ferve
    the room.doar said he that he had yesterday painted
    The doar of the room, he said that he had painted yesterday

    However, extraction is grammatical in case the V2 is turned into a V1, as is illustrated below for question formation:

    3
    Wat sei hy hie hy - juster ferve?
    what said he had he yesterday painted
    What did he say that he had painted yesterday?

    It is illustrated below for topicalisation of a referential NP:

    4
    De keamersdoar sei er hie er - juster ferve
    the room.door said he had he had yesterday painted
    The door of the room, he said that he had painted yesterday

    This seems to indicate that V1 clauses are fully integrated into the superordinate structure in which they occur, provided the V1 clause is a complement to a verb of expression. V2 clauses, in contrast, are less fully integrated, since they allow bound variable binding, but not extraction. It is not the case that V1 clauses in general allow extraction; V1 clauses of irrealis do not allow extraction:

    5
    a. Hy gyng oan as hied er in murd te pakken
    he went on as had he a fitch to catch
    He screamed as if he had caught a fitch
    b. *Wat gyng er oan as hied er te pakken?
    what went he on as had he to catch
    What did he go on as if he had caught?
    c. It like wol as hied er in murd te pakken
    it seemed DcP as had he a fitch to catch
    It seemed as if he had caught a fitch
    d. *Wat like it wol as hied er te pakken?
    what seemed it DcP as had he to catch
    What did it seem as if he had caught?

    This conclusion holds regardless of whether the irrealis clause is a verbal argument or not. Similarly, V1 clauses do not allow extraction in case they express the effect of a degree:

    6
    a. Hy wie sa kâld dat hy liet syn kaaien falle
    he was so cold that he let his keys fall
    He was so cold that he dropped his keys
    b. *Wat wie er sa kâld liet er falle?
    what was he so cold let he fall
    Lit: What was he so cold that he dropped?
    References
      About this article
      Author(s): Eric Hoekstra
      Category: Frisian Syntax
      Keywords: extraction
      Version: 1.0, December 2015
      Version history:
      version editor(s) date remarks
      1.0 Eric Hoekstra December 2015
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